diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index ebbd6e3..d3b2464 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,29 +1,80 @@ # Dust -High-level programming language with effortless concurrency, automatic memory management, type -safety and familiar syntax. +High-level programming language with effortless concurrency, automatic memory management and type +safety. + +## Concepts + +Dust is heavily influenced by Rust, but aims to be more high-level and easier to use. Its approach +to safety is similar in that it will refuse to run programs with issues that can be caught by +static analysis. However, Dust is not compiled and while performance is a concern, it is less +important than safety and ease of use. + +### Effortless Concurrency + +Rust promises *fearless* concurrency, and Dust takes it a step further by making concurrency as +simple as possible. Dust is organized into **statements**, and any sequence of statements can be +run concurrently by simply adding the `async` keyword before the block of statements. ```dust -io.write_line("Guess the number.") +# This function will count from 0 to 9, sleeping for an increasing amount of +# time between each number. +count_slowly = fn ( + multiplier: int, +) { + i = 0 -secret_number = random.in_range(0..100) + while i < 10 { + sleep_time = i * multiplier; -loop { - io.write_line("Input your guess.") + thread.sleep(sleep_time) + thread.write_line(i as str) - input = io.read_line().expect("Failed to read line.") - guess = match input.trim().parse() { - Ok(value) => value, - Err(_) => continue, - } + i += 1 + } +} - if guess < secret_number { - io.write_line("Too low!") - } else if guess > secret_number { - io.write_line("Too high!") - } else { - io.write_line("You win!") - break - } +async { + count_slowly(200) # Finishes last + count_slowly(100) # Finishes seconds + count_slowly(50) # Finishes first } ``` + +### Automatic Memory Management + +Dust uses a garbage collector to automatically manage memory. During the analysis phase, Dust will +determine the number of references to each value. During execution, the intepreter will check the +context after each statement and remove values that will not be used again. + +```dust +x = 0 # x is assigned but never used + # x is removed from memory + +y = 41 # y is assigned +y + 1 # y is kept alive for this statement + # y is removed from memory +``` + +### Type Safety + +Dust is statically typed and null-free, but the type of a value can usually be inferred from its +usage. Dust will refuse to run programs with type errors, but will usually not require type +annotations. + +```dust +# These two statements are identical to Dust +x = 1 +x: int = 1 + +# Numbers with decimals are floats +y = 10.0 +y: float = 10.0 + +# Strings are enclosed in single or double quotes and are guaranteed to be valid UTF-8 +z = "Hello, world!" +z: string = "Hello, world!" +``` + +Aside from the ubiqutous `bool`, `int`, `float`, and `string` types, Dust also has `list`, `map`, +`range`, structures, enums and functions. diff --git a/dust_examples/async_count.ds b/dust_examples/async_count.ds index 699291c..8b6038f 100644 --- a/dust_examples/async_count.ds +++ b/dust_examples/async_count.ds @@ -1,23 +1,21 @@ count_slowly = fn ( multiplier: int, - sleep: fn (milliseconds: int), - write_line: fn (output: str), ) { i = 0 while i < 10 { sleep_time = i * multiplier; - sleep(sleep_time) - write_line(i as str) + thread.sleep(sleep_time) + thread.write_line(i as str) i += 1 } } async { - count_slowly(50, thread.sleep, io.write_line) - count_slowly(100, thread.sleep, io.write_line) - count_slowly(200, thread.sleep, io.write_line) - count_slowly(250, thread.sleep, io.write_line) + count_slowly(50) + count_slowly(100) + count_slowly(200) + count_slowly(250) }