#[cfg(test)] mod tests; use std::{ fmt::{self, Display, Formatter}, mem::replace, num::{ParseFloatError, ParseIntError}, }; use crate::{ dust_error::AnnotatedError, Chunk, ChunkError, DustError, Identifier, Instruction, LexError, Lexer, Operation, Span, Token, TokenKind, TokenOwned, Value, }; pub fn parse(source: &str) -> Result { let lexer = Lexer::new(source); let mut parser = Parser::new(lexer).map_err(|error| DustError::Parse { error, source })?; while !parser.is_eof() { parser .parse_statement() .map_err(|error| DustError::Parse { error, source })?; } Ok(parser.chunk) } #[derive(Debug)] pub struct Parser<'src> { chunk: Chunk, lexer: Lexer<'src>, current_register: u8, current_token: Token<'src>, current_position: Span, previous_token: Token<'src>, previous_position: Span, } impl<'src> Parser<'src> { pub fn new(mut lexer: Lexer<'src>) -> Result { let (current_token, current_position) = lexer.next_token()?; log::trace!("Starting parser with token \"{current_token}\" at {current_position}"); Ok(Parser { lexer, chunk: Chunk::new(), current_register: 0, current_token, current_position, previous_token: Token::Eof, previous_position: Span(0, 0), }) } pub fn take_chunk(self) -> Chunk { self.chunk } fn is_eof(&self) -> bool { matches!(self.current_token, Token::Eof) } fn increment_register(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> { let current = self.current_register; if current == u8::MAX { Err(ParseError::RegisterOverflow { position: self.current_position, }) } else { self.current_register += 1; Ok(()) } } fn decrement_register(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> { let current = self.current_register; if current == 0 { Err(ParseError::RegisterUnderflow { position: self.current_position, }) } else { self.current_register -= 1; Ok(()) } } fn advance(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if self.is_eof() { return Ok(()); } let (new_token, position) = self.lexer.next_token()?; log::trace!("Parsing \"{new_token}\" at {position}"); self.previous_token = replace(&mut self.current_token, new_token); self.previous_position = replace(&mut self.current_position, position); Ok(()) } fn allow(&mut self, allowed: TokenKind) -> Result { if self.current_token.kind() == allowed { self.advance()?; Ok(true) } else { Ok(false) } } fn expect(&mut self, expected: TokenKind) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if self.current_token.kind() == expected { self.advance() } else { Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken { expected, found: self.current_token.to_owned(), position: self.current_position, }) } } fn emit_instruction(&mut self, instruction: Instruction, position: Span) { self.chunk.push_instruction(instruction, position); } fn emit_constant(&mut self, value: Value) -> Result<(), ParseError> { let position = self.previous_position; let constant_index = self.chunk.push_constant(value, position)?; self.emit_instruction( Instruction::load_constant(self.current_register, constant_index), position, ); self.increment_register()?; Ok(()) } fn parse_boolean(&mut self, _allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if let Token::Boolean(text) = self.current_token { self.advance()?; let boolean = text.parse::().unwrap(); let value = Value::boolean(boolean); self.emit_constant(value)?; } Ok(()) } fn parse_byte(&mut self, _allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if let Token::Byte(text) = self.current_token { self.advance()?; let byte = u8::from_str_radix(&text[2..], 16).map_err(|error| ParseError::ParseIntError { error, position: self.previous_position, })?; let value = Value::byte(byte); self.emit_constant(value)?; } Ok(()) } fn parse_character(&mut self, _allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if let Token::Character(character) = self.current_token { self.advance()?; let value = Value::character(character); self.emit_constant(value)?; } Ok(()) } fn parse_float(&mut self, _allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if let Token::Float(text) = self.current_token { self.advance()?; let float = text .parse::() .map_err(|error| ParseError::ParseFloatError { error, position: self.previous_position, })?; let value = Value::float(float); self.emit_constant(value)?; } Ok(()) } fn parse_integer(&mut self, _allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if let Token::Integer(text) = self.current_token { self.advance()?; let integer = text .parse::() .map_err(|error| ParseError::ParseIntError { error, position: self.previous_position, })?; let value = Value::integer(integer); self.emit_constant(value)?; } Ok(()) } fn parse_string(&mut self, _allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if let Token::String(text) = self.current_token { self.advance()?; let value = Value::string(text); self.emit_constant(value)?; } Ok(()) } fn parse_grouped(&mut self, _allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { self.allow(TokenKind::LeftParenthesis)?; self.parse_expression()?; self.expect(TokenKind::RightParenthesis) } fn parse_unary(&mut self, _allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { let operator = self.current_token; let operator_position = self.current_position; self.advance()?; self.parse_expression()?; let (previous_instruction, previous_position) = self.chunk.pop_instruction(self.current_position)?; let (is_constant, destination, from_register) = match previous_instruction.operation() { Operation::LoadConstant => { self.decrement_register()?; ( true, previous_instruction.destination(), previous_instruction.first_argument(), ) } _ => { self.emit_instruction(previous_instruction, previous_position); (false, self.current_register, self.current_register - 1) } }; let mut instruction = match operator.kind() { TokenKind::Bang => Instruction::not(destination, from_register), TokenKind::Minus => Instruction::negate(destination, from_register), _ => { return Err(ParseError::ExpectedTokenMultiple { expected: &[TokenKind::Bang, TokenKind::Minus], found: operator.to_owned(), position: operator_position, }) } }; if is_constant { instruction.set_first_argument_to_constant(); } self.increment_register()?; self.emit_instruction(instruction, operator_position); Ok(()) } fn parse_binary(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> { let operator_position = self.current_position; let operator = self.current_token; let rule = ParseRule::from(&operator.kind()); self.advance()?; let (left_instruction, left_position) = self.chunk.pop_instruction(self.current_position)?; let mut push_back_left = false; let mut left_is_constant = false; let left = match left_instruction.operation() { Operation::LoadConstant => { left_is_constant = true; self.decrement_register()?; left_instruction.first_argument() } Operation::GetLocal => { self.decrement_register()?; left_instruction.first_argument() } _ => { push_back_left = true; self.current_register - 1 } }; self.parse(rule.precedence.increment())?; let (right_instruction, right_position) = self.chunk.pop_instruction(self.current_position)?; let mut push_back_right = false; let mut right_is_constant = false; let right = match right_instruction.operation() { Operation::LoadConstant => { right_is_constant = true; self.decrement_register()?; right_instruction.first_argument() } Operation::GetLocal => { self.decrement_register()?; right_instruction.first_argument() } _ => { push_back_right = true; self.current_register - 1 } }; let mut instruction = match operator.kind() { TokenKind::Plus => Instruction::add(self.current_register, left, right), TokenKind::Minus => Instruction::subtract(self.current_register, left, right), TokenKind::Star => Instruction::multiply(self.current_register, left, right), TokenKind::Slash => Instruction::divide(self.current_register, left, right), TokenKind::Percent => Instruction::modulo(self.current_register, left, right), TokenKind::DoubleAmpersand => Instruction::and(self.current_register, left, right), TokenKind::DoublePipe => Instruction::or(self.current_register, left, right), _ => { return Err(ParseError::ExpectedTokenMultiple { expected: &[ TokenKind::Plus, TokenKind::Minus, TokenKind::Star, TokenKind::Slash, TokenKind::Percent, TokenKind::DoubleAmpersand, TokenKind::DoublePipe, ], found: operator.to_owned(), position: operator_position, }) } }; if left_is_constant { instruction.set_first_argument_to_constant(); } if right_is_constant { instruction.set_second_argument_to_constant(); } if push_back_left { self.emit_instruction(left_instruction, left_position); } if push_back_right { self.emit_instruction(right_instruction, right_position); } self.emit_instruction(instruction, operator_position); self.increment_register()?; Ok(()) } fn parse_variable(&mut self, allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { self.parse_named_variable(allow_assignment) } fn parse_named_variable(&mut self, allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { let token = self.current_token.to_owned(); let start_position = self.current_position; let local_index = self.parse_identifier_from(token, start_position)?; self.advance()?; if allow_assignment && self.allow(TokenKind::Equal)? { self.parse_expression()?; let (mut previous_instruction, previous_position) = self.chunk.pop_instruction(self.current_position)?; if previous_instruction.operation().is_binary() { let previous_register = self .chunk .get_local(local_index, start_position)? .register_index; if let Some(register_index) = previous_register { previous_instruction.set_destination(register_index); self.emit_instruction(previous_instruction, self.current_position); self.decrement_register()?; } else { self.emit_instruction(previous_instruction, previous_position); self.emit_instruction( Instruction::set_local(self.current_register - 1, local_index), self.current_position, ); } } else { self.emit_instruction(previous_instruction, previous_position); self.emit_instruction( Instruction::set_local(self.current_register - 1, local_index), start_position, ); } } else { self.emit_instruction( Instruction::get_local(self.current_register, local_index), self.current_position, ); } Ok(()) } fn parse_identifier_from( &mut self, token: TokenOwned, position: Span, ) -> Result { if let TokenOwned::Identifier(text) = token { let identifier = Identifier::new(text); if let Ok(local_index) = self.chunk.get_local_index(&identifier, position) { Ok(local_index) } else { Err(ParseError::UndefinedVariable { identifier, position, }) } } else { Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken { expected: TokenKind::Identifier, found: self.current_token.to_owned(), position, }) } } fn parse_block(&mut self, _allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { self.advance()?; self.chunk.begin_scope(); while !self.allow(TokenKind::RightCurlyBrace)? && !self.is_eof() { self.parse_statement()?; } self.chunk.end_scope(); Ok(()) } fn parse_list(&mut self, _allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { let start = self.current_position.0; self.advance()?; let mut length = 0; while !self.allow(TokenKind::RightSquareBrace)? && !self.is_eof() { self.parse(Precedence::Assignment)?; // Do not allow assignment length += 1; if !self.allow(TokenKind::Comma)? { self.expect(TokenKind::RightSquareBrace)?; break; } } let end = self.current_position.1; self.emit_instruction( Instruction::load_list(self.current_register, length), Span(start, end), ); Ok(()) } fn parse_expression(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> { self.parse(Precedence::None) } fn parse_statement(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> { let start = self.current_position.0; let (is_expression_statement, contains_block) = match self.current_token { Token::Let => { self.parse_let_statement(true)?; (false, false) } Token::LeftCurlyBrace => { self.parse_block(true)?; (true, true) } _ => { self.parse_expression()?; (true, false) } }; let has_semicolon = self.allow(TokenKind::Semicolon)?; if is_expression_statement && !contains_block && !has_semicolon { let end = self.previous_position.1; self.emit_instruction(Instruction::r#return(), Span(start, end)) } Ok(()) } fn parse_let_statement(&mut self, allow_assignment: bool) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if !allow_assignment { return Err(ParseError::ExpectedExpression { found: self.current_token.to_owned(), position: self.current_position, }); } self.advance()?; let position = self.current_position; let identifier = if let Token::Identifier(text) = self.current_token { self.advance()?; Identifier::new(text) } else { return Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken { expected: TokenKind::Identifier, found: self.current_token.to_owned(), position: self.current_position, }); }; self.expect(TokenKind::Equal)?; self.parse_expression()?; let register = self.chunk.get_last_instruction(position)?.0.destination(); let local_index = self .chunk .declare_local(identifier, register, self.current_position)?; let (previous_instruction, previous_position) = self.chunk.pop_instruction(self.current_position)?; if let Operation::GetLocal = previous_instruction.operation() { let move_instruction = Instruction::r#move( previous_instruction.destination(), previous_instruction.first_argument(), ); self.emit_instruction(move_instruction, position); } else { self.emit_instruction(previous_instruction, previous_position); } self.emit_instruction( Instruction::declare_local(self.current_register - 1, local_index), position, ); Ok(()) } fn parse(&mut self, precedence: Precedence) -> Result<(), ParseError> { let allow_assignment = precedence < Precedence::Assignment; if let Some(prefix_parser) = ParseRule::from(&self.current_token.kind()).prefix { log::trace!( "Parsing \"{}\" with prefix parser at precedence {precedence}", self.current_token, ); prefix_parser(self, allow_assignment)?; } let mut infix_rule = ParseRule::from(&self.current_token.kind()); while precedence <= infix_rule.precedence { if let Some(infix_parser) = infix_rule.infix { log::trace!( "Parsing \"{}\" with infix parser at precedence {precedence}", self.current_token, ); if allow_assignment && self.current_token == Token::Equal { return Err(ParseError::InvalidAssignmentTarget { found: self.current_token.to_owned(), position: self.current_position, }); } infix_parser(self)?; } else { break; } infix_rule = ParseRule::from(&self.current_token.kind()); } Ok(()) } } #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)] pub enum Precedence { None, Assignment, Conditional, LogicalOr, LogicalAnd, Equality, Comparison, Term, Factor, Unary, Call, Primary, } impl Precedence { fn increment(&self) -> Self { match self { Precedence::None => Precedence::Assignment, Precedence::Assignment => Precedence::Conditional, Precedence::Conditional => Precedence::LogicalOr, Precedence::LogicalOr => Precedence::LogicalAnd, Precedence::LogicalAnd => Precedence::Equality, Precedence::Equality => Precedence::Comparison, Precedence::Comparison => Precedence::Term, Precedence::Term => Precedence::Factor, Precedence::Factor => Precedence::Unary, Precedence::Unary => Precedence::Call, Precedence::Call => Precedence::Primary, Precedence::Primary => Precedence::Primary, } } } impl Display for Precedence { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result { write!(f, "{:?}", self) } } type PrefixFunction<'a> = fn(&mut Parser<'a>, bool) -> Result<(), ParseError>; type InfixFunction<'a> = fn(&mut Parser<'a>) -> Result<(), ParseError>; #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)] pub struct ParseRule<'a> { pub prefix: Option>, pub infix: Option>, pub precedence: Precedence, } impl From<&TokenKind> for ParseRule<'_> { fn from(token_kind: &TokenKind) -> Self { match token_kind { TokenKind::Eof => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Identifier => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_variable), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Boolean => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_boolean), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Byte => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_byte), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Character => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_character), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Float => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_float), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Integer => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_integer), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::String => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_string), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Async => todo!(), TokenKind::Bool => todo!(), TokenKind::Break => todo!(), TokenKind::Else => todo!(), TokenKind::FloatKeyword => todo!(), TokenKind::If => todo!(), TokenKind::Int => todo!(), TokenKind::Let => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_let_statement), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Loop => todo!(), TokenKind::Map => todo!(), TokenKind::Str => todo!(), TokenKind::While => todo!(), TokenKind::BangEqual => todo!(), TokenKind::Bang => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_unary), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::Unary, }, TokenKind::Colon => todo!(), TokenKind::Comma => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Dot => todo!(), TokenKind::DoubleAmpersand => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: Some(Parser::parse_binary), precedence: Precedence::LogicalAnd, }, TokenKind::DoubleDot => todo!(), TokenKind::DoubleEqual => todo!(), TokenKind::DoublePipe => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: Some(Parser::parse_binary), precedence: Precedence::LogicalOr, }, TokenKind::Equal => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: None, precedence: Precedence::Assignment, }, TokenKind::Greater => todo!(), TokenKind::GreaterOrEqual => todo!(), TokenKind::LeftCurlyBrace => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_block), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::LeftParenthesis => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_grouped), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::LeftSquareBrace => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_list), infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Less => todo!(), TokenKind::LessOrEqual => todo!(), TokenKind::Minus => ParseRule { prefix: Some(Parser::parse_unary), infix: Some(Parser::parse_binary), precedence: Precedence::Term, }, TokenKind::MinusEqual => todo!(), TokenKind::Mut => todo!(), TokenKind::Percent => todo!(), TokenKind::Plus => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: Some(Parser::parse_binary), precedence: Precedence::Term, }, TokenKind::PlusEqual => todo!(), TokenKind::RightCurlyBrace => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::RightParenthesis => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::RightSquareBrace => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Semicolon => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: None, precedence: Precedence::None, }, TokenKind::Star => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: Some(Parser::parse_binary), precedence: Precedence::Factor, }, TokenKind::Struct => todo!(), TokenKind::Slash => ParseRule { prefix: None, infix: Some(Parser::parse_binary), precedence: Precedence::Factor, }, } } } #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)] pub enum ParseError { ExpectedExpression { found: TokenOwned, position: Span, }, ExpectedToken { expected: TokenKind, found: TokenOwned, position: Span, }, ExpectedTokenMultiple { expected: &'static [TokenKind], found: TokenOwned, position: Span, }, InvalidAssignmentTarget { found: TokenOwned, position: Span, }, UndefinedVariable { identifier: Identifier, position: Span, }, RegisterOverflow { position: Span, }, RegisterUnderflow { position: Span, }, // Wrappers around foreign errors Chunk(ChunkError), Lex(LexError), ParseFloatError { error: ParseFloatError, position: Span, }, ParseIntError { error: ParseIntError, position: Span, }, } impl From for ParseError { fn from(error: ChunkError) -> Self { Self::Chunk(error) } } impl AnnotatedError for ParseError { fn title() -> &'static str { "Parse Error" } fn description(&self) -> &'static str { match self { Self::ExpectedExpression { .. } => "Expected an expression", Self::ExpectedToken { .. } => "Expected a specific token", Self::ExpectedTokenMultiple { .. } => "Expected one of multiple tokens", Self::InvalidAssignmentTarget { .. } => "Invalid assignment target", Self::UndefinedVariable { .. } => "Undefined variable", Self::RegisterOverflow { .. } => "Register overflow", Self::RegisterUnderflow { .. } => "Register underflow", Self::ParseFloatError { .. } => "Failed to parse float", Self::ParseIntError { .. } => "Failed to parse integer", Self::Chunk(error) => error.description(), Self::Lex(error) => error.description(), } } fn details(&self) -> Option { match self { Self::ExpectedExpression { found, .. } => Some(format!("Found \"{found}\"")), Self::ExpectedToken { expected, found, .. } => Some(format!("Expected \"{expected}\", found \"{found}\"")), Self::ExpectedTokenMultiple { expected, found, .. } => Some(format!("Expected one of {expected:?}, found \"{found}\"")), Self::InvalidAssignmentTarget { found, .. } => { Some(format!("Invalid assignment target, found \"{found}\"")) } Self::UndefinedVariable { identifier, .. } => { Some(format!("Undefined variable \"{identifier}\"")) } Self::RegisterOverflow { .. } => None, Self::RegisterUnderflow { .. } => None, Self::ParseFloatError { error, .. } => Some(error.to_string()), Self::ParseIntError { error, .. } => Some(error.to_string()), Self::Chunk(error) => error.details(), Self::Lex(error) => error.details(), } } fn position(&self) -> Span { match self { Self::ExpectedExpression { position, .. } => *position, Self::ExpectedToken { position, .. } => *position, Self::ExpectedTokenMultiple { position, .. } => *position, Self::InvalidAssignmentTarget { position, .. } => *position, Self::UndefinedVariable { position, .. } => *position, Self::RegisterOverflow { position } => *position, Self::RegisterUnderflow { position } => *position, Self::Chunk(error) => error.position(), Self::Lex(error) => error.position(), Self::ParseFloatError { position, .. } => *position, Self::ParseIntError { position, .. } => *position, } } } impl From for ParseError { fn from(error: LexError) -> Self { Self::Lex(error) } }