1
0
dust/dust-lang/src/parser.rs
2024-11-06 13:50:49 -05:00

2054 lines
65 KiB
Rust

//! Parsing tools and errors
//!
//! This module provides two lexing options:
//! - [`parse`], which parsers the entire input and returns a chunk
//! - [`Parser`], which parsers the input a token at a time while assembling a chunk
use std::{
fmt::{self, Display, Formatter},
mem::replace,
num::{ParseFloatError, ParseIntError},
vec,
};
use colored::Colorize;
use crate::{
optimize, AnnotatedError, Chunk, ChunkError, DustError, FunctionType, Instruction, LexError,
Lexer, Local, NativeFunction, Operation, Scope, Span, Token, TokenKind, TokenOwned, Type,
Value,
};
/// Parses the input and returns a chunk.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # use dust_lang::parse;
/// let source = "40 + 2 == 42";
/// let chunk = parse(source).unwrap();
///
/// assert_eq!(chunk.len(), 6);
/// ```
pub fn parse(source: &str) -> Result<Chunk, DustError> {
let lexer = Lexer::new(source);
let mut parser = Parser::new(lexer).map_err(|error| DustError::Parse { error, source })?;
parser
.parse_top_level()
.map_err(|error| DustError::Parse { error, source })?;
Ok(parser.finish())
}
/// Low-level tool for parsing the input a token at a time while assembling a chunk.
///
/// See the [`parse`] function an example of how to create and use a Parser.
#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
struct Parser<'src> {
chunk: Chunk,
lexer: Lexer<'src>,
optimization_count: u16,
previous_is_expression: bool,
minimum_register: u8,
current_token: Token<'src>,
current_position: Span,
previous_token: Token<'src>,
previous_position: Span,
}
impl<'src> Parser<'src> {
pub fn new(mut lexer: Lexer<'src>) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
let (current_token, current_position) = lexer.next_token()?;
let chunk = Chunk::new(None);
log::info!(
"Begin chunk with {} at {}",
current_token.to_string().bold(),
current_position.to_string()
);
Ok(Parser {
chunk,
lexer,
optimization_count: 0,
previous_is_expression: false,
minimum_register: 0,
current_token,
current_position,
previous_token: Token::Eof,
previous_position: Span(0, 0),
})
}
pub fn finish(self) -> Chunk {
log::info!("End chunk");
self.chunk
}
fn is_eof(&self) -> bool {
matches!(self.current_token, Token::Eof)
}
fn next_register(&mut self) -> u8 {
self.chunk
.instructions()
.iter()
.rev()
.find_map(|(instruction, _)| {
if instruction.yields_value() {
Some(instruction.a() + 1)
} else {
None
}
})
.unwrap_or(self.minimum_register)
}
fn advance(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
if self.is_eof() {
return Ok(());
}
let (new_token, position) = self.lexer.next_token()?;
log::info!(
"Parsing {} at {}",
new_token.to_string().bold(),
position.to_string()
);
self.previous_token = replace(&mut self.current_token, new_token);
self.previous_position = replace(&mut self.current_position, position);
Ok(())
}
fn get_local(&self, index: u8) -> Result<&Local, ParseError> {
self.chunk
.get_local(index)
.map_err(|error| ParseError::Chunk {
error,
position: self.current_position,
})
}
fn get_local_index(&self, identifier_text: &str) -> Result<u8, ParseError> {
self.chunk
.locals()
.iter()
.enumerate()
.rev()
.find_map(|(index, local)| {
let identifier = self
.chunk
.constants()
.get(local.identifier_index as usize)?
.as_string()?;
if identifier == identifier_text {
Some(index as u8)
} else {
None
}
})
.ok_or(ParseError::UndeclaredVariable {
identifier: identifier_text.to_string(),
position: self.current_position,
})
}
pub fn declare_local(
&mut self,
identifier: &str,
r#type: Option<Type>,
is_mutable: bool,
scope: Scope,
register_index: u8,
) -> (u8, u8) {
log::debug!("Declare local {identifier}");
let identifier = Value::string(identifier);
let identifier_index = self.chunk.push_or_get_constant(identifier);
self.chunk.locals_mut().push(Local::new(
identifier_index,
r#type,
is_mutable,
scope,
register_index,
));
(self.chunk.locals().len() as u8 - 1, identifier_index)
}
fn allow(&mut self, allowed: Token) -> Result<bool, ParseError> {
if self.current_token == allowed {
self.advance()?;
Ok(true)
} else {
Ok(false)
}
}
fn expect(&mut self, expected: Token) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
if self.current_token == expected {
self.advance()
} else {
Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: expected.kind(),
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position: self.current_position,
})
}
}
fn emit_instruction(&mut self, instruction: Instruction, position: Span) {
log::debug!(
"Emitting {} at {}",
instruction.operation().to_string().bold(),
position.to_string()
);
self.chunk.instructions_mut().push((instruction, position));
}
fn pop_last_instruction(&mut self) -> Result<(Instruction, Span), ParseError> {
self.chunk
.instructions_mut()
.pop()
.ok_or_else(|| ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: self.previous_position,
})
}
fn get_last_value_operation(&self) -> Option<Operation> {
self.chunk
.instructions()
.iter()
.last()
.map(|(instruction, _)| instruction.operation())
}
fn get_last_instructions<const COUNT: usize>(&self) -> Option<[Operation; COUNT]> {
let mut operations = [Operation::Return; COUNT];
for (index, (instruction, _)) in self
.chunk
.instructions()
.iter()
.rev()
.take(COUNT)
.enumerate()
{
operations[index] = instruction.operation();
}
Some(operations)
}
fn get_last_jump_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Instruction> {
self.chunk
.instructions_mut()
.iter_mut()
.find_map(|(instruction, _)| {
if let Operation::Jump = instruction.operation() {
Some(instruction)
} else {
None
}
})
}
fn get_last_jumpable_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Instruction> {
self.chunk
.instructions_mut()
.iter_mut()
.find_map(|(instruction, _)| {
if let Operation::LoadBoolean | Operation::LoadConstant = instruction.operation() {
Some(instruction)
} else {
None
}
})
}
fn emit_constant(&mut self, value: Value, position: Span) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let constant_index = self.chunk.push_or_get_constant(value);
let register = self.next_register();
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::load_constant(register, constant_index, false),
position,
);
Ok(())
}
fn parse_boolean(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let position = self.current_position;
if let Token::Boolean(text) = self.current_token {
self.advance()?;
let boolean = text.parse::<bool>().unwrap();
let register = self.next_register();
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::load_boolean(register, boolean, false),
position,
);
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
} else {
Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind::Boolean,
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position,
})
}
}
fn parse_byte(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let position = self.current_position;
if let Token::Byte(text) = self.current_token {
self.advance()?;
let byte = u8::from_str_radix(&text[2..], 16)
.map_err(|error| ParseError::ParseIntError { error, position })?;
let value = Value::byte(byte);
self.emit_constant(value, position)?;
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
} else {
Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind::Byte,
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position,
})
}
}
fn parse_character(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let position = self.current_position;
if let Token::Character(character) = self.current_token {
self.advance()?;
let value = Value::character(character);
self.emit_constant(value, position)?;
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
} else {
Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind::Character,
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position,
})
}
}
fn parse_float(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let position = self.current_position;
if let Token::Float(text) = self.current_token {
self.advance()?;
let float = text
.parse::<f64>()
.map_err(|error| ParseError::ParseFloatError {
error,
position: self.previous_position,
})?;
let value = Value::float(float);
self.emit_constant(value, position)?;
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
} else {
Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind::Float,
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position,
})
}
}
fn parse_integer(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let position = self.current_position;
if let Token::Integer(text) = self.current_token {
self.advance()?;
let integer = text
.parse::<i64>()
.map_err(|error| ParseError::ParseIntError {
error,
position: self.previous_position,
})?;
let value = Value::integer(integer);
self.emit_constant(value, position)?;
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
} else {
Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind::Integer,
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position,
})
}
}
fn parse_string(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let position = self.current_position;
if let Token::String(text) = self.current_token {
self.advance()?;
let value = Value::string(text);
self.emit_constant(value, position)?;
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
} else {
Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind::String,
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position,
})
}
}
fn parse_grouped(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
self.allow(Token::LeftParenthesis)?;
self.parse_expression()?;
self.expect(Token::RightParenthesis)?;
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
}
fn parse_unary(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let operator = self.current_token;
let operator_position = self.current_position;
self.advance()?;
self.parse_expression()?;
let (previous_instruction, previous_position) = self.pop_last_instruction()?;
let (push_back, is_constant, argument) = {
match previous_instruction.operation() {
Operation::GetLocal => (false, false, previous_instruction.a()),
Operation::LoadConstant => (false, true, previous_instruction.a()),
Operation::LoadBoolean => (true, false, previous_instruction.a()),
Operation::Close => {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: self.previous_position,
});
}
_ => (true, false, previous_instruction.a()),
}
};
if push_back {
self.emit_instruction(previous_instruction, previous_position);
}
let register = self.next_register();
let mut instruction = match operator.kind() {
TokenKind::Bang => Instruction::not(register, argument),
TokenKind::Minus => Instruction::negate(register, argument),
_ => {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedTokenMultiple {
expected: &[TokenKind::Bang, TokenKind::Minus],
found: operator.to_owned(),
position: operator_position,
})
}
};
if is_constant {
instruction.set_b_is_constant();
}
self.emit_instruction(instruction, operator_position);
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
}
fn handle_binary_argument(
&mut self,
instruction: &Instruction,
) -> Result<(bool, bool, bool, u8), ParseError> {
let mut push_back = false;
let mut is_constant = false;
let mut is_mutable_local = false;
let argument = match instruction.operation() {
Operation::GetLocal => {
let local_index = instruction.b();
let local = self.get_local(local_index)?;
is_mutable_local = local.is_mutable;
local.register_index
}
Operation::LoadConstant => {
is_constant = true;
instruction.b()
}
Operation::Close => {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: self.previous_position,
});
}
_ => {
push_back = true;
if instruction.yields_value() {
instruction.a()
} else {
self.next_register()
}
}
};
Ok((push_back, is_constant, is_mutable_local, argument))
}
fn parse_math_binary(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let (left_instruction, left_position) =
self.chunk
.instructions_mut()
.pop()
.ok_or_else(|| ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: self.previous_position,
})?;
let (push_back_left, left_is_constant, left_is_mutable_local, left) =
self.handle_binary_argument(&left_instruction)?;
if push_back_left {
self.emit_instruction(left_instruction, left_position);
}
let operator = self.current_token;
let operator_position = self.current_position;
let rule = ParseRule::from(&operator);
if let Token::PlusEqual | Token::MinusEqual | Token::StarEqual | Token::SlashEqual =
operator
{
if !left_is_mutable_local {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedMutableVariable {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: left_position,
});
}
}
self.advance()?;
self.parse_sub_expression(&rule.precedence)?;
let (right_instruction, right_position) = self.pop_last_instruction()?;
let (push_back_right, right_is_constant, _, right) =
self.handle_binary_argument(&right_instruction)?;
if push_back_right {
self.emit_instruction(right_instruction, right_position);
}
let register = if left_is_mutable_local {
left
} else {
self.next_register()
};
let mut new_instruction = match operator {
Token::Plus => Instruction::add(register, left, right),
Token::PlusEqual => Instruction::add(register, left, right),
Token::Minus => Instruction::subtract(register, left, right),
Token::MinusEqual => Instruction::subtract(register, left, right),
Token::Star => Instruction::multiply(register, left, right),
Token::StarEqual => Instruction::multiply(register, left, right),
Token::Slash => Instruction::divide(register, left, right),
Token::SlashEqual => Instruction::divide(register, left, right),
Token::Percent => Instruction::modulo(register, left, right),
Token::PercentEqual => Instruction::modulo(register, left, right),
_ => {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedTokenMultiple {
expected: &[
TokenKind::Plus,
TokenKind::PlusEqual,
TokenKind::Minus,
TokenKind::MinusEqual,
TokenKind::Star,
TokenKind::StarEqual,
TokenKind::Slash,
TokenKind::SlashEqual,
TokenKind::Percent,
TokenKind::PercentEqual,
],
found: operator.to_owned(),
position: operator_position,
})
}
};
if left_is_constant {
new_instruction.set_b_is_constant();
}
if right_is_constant {
new_instruction.set_c_is_constant();
}
self.emit_instruction(new_instruction, operator_position);
if let Token::PlusEqual
| Token::MinusEqual
| Token::StarEqual
| Token::SlashEqual
| Token::PercentEqual = operator
{
self.previous_is_expression = false;
} else {
self.previous_is_expression = true;
}
Ok(())
}
fn parse_comparison_binary(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
if let Some(Operation::Equal | Operation::Less | Operation::LessEqual) =
self.get_last_value_operation()
{
return Err(ParseError::CannotChainComparison {
position: self.current_position,
});
}
let (left_instruction, left_position) =
self.chunk
.instructions_mut()
.pop()
.ok_or_else(|| ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: self.previous_position,
})?;
let (push_back_left, left_is_constant, _, left) =
self.handle_binary_argument(&left_instruction)?;
let operator = self.current_token;
let operator_position = self.current_position;
let rule = ParseRule::from(&operator);
self.advance()?;
self.parse_sub_expression(&rule.precedence)?;
let (right_instruction, right_position) =
self.chunk
.instructions_mut()
.pop()
.ok_or_else(|| ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: self.previous_position,
})?;
let (push_back_right, right_is_constant, _, right) =
self.handle_binary_argument(&right_instruction)?;
let mut instruction = match operator {
Token::DoubleEqual => Instruction::equal(true, left, right),
Token::BangEqual => Instruction::equal(false, left, right),
Token::Less => Instruction::less(true, left, right),
Token::LessEqual => Instruction::less_equal(true, left, right),
Token::Greater => Instruction::less_equal(false, left, right),
Token::GreaterEqual => Instruction::less(false, left, right),
_ => {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedTokenMultiple {
expected: &[
TokenKind::DoubleEqual,
TokenKind::BangEqual,
TokenKind::Less,
TokenKind::LessEqual,
TokenKind::Greater,
TokenKind::GreaterEqual,
],
found: operator.to_owned(),
position: operator_position,
})
}
};
if left_is_constant {
instruction.set_b_is_constant();
}
if right_is_constant {
instruction.set_c_is_constant();
}
if push_back_left {
self.emit_instruction(left_instruction, left_position);
}
if push_back_right {
self.emit_instruction(right_instruction, right_position);
}
let register = self.next_register();
self.emit_instruction(instruction, operator_position);
self.emit_instruction(Instruction::jump(1, true), operator_position);
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::load_boolean(register, true, true),
operator_position,
);
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::load_boolean(register, false, false),
operator_position,
);
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
}
fn parse_logical_binary(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let start_length = self.chunk.len();
let (left_instruction, left_position) = self.pop_last_instruction()?;
let operator = self.current_token;
let operator_position = self.current_position;
let rule = ParseRule::from(&operator);
let test_instruction = match operator {
Token::DoubleAmpersand => Instruction::test(left_instruction.a(), false),
Token::DoublePipe => Instruction::test(left_instruction.a(), true),
_ => {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedTokenMultiple {
expected: &[TokenKind::DoubleAmpersand, TokenKind::DoublePipe],
found: operator.to_owned(),
position: operator_position,
})
}
};
self.advance()?;
self.emit_instruction(left_instruction, left_position);
self.emit_instruction(test_instruction, operator_position);
let jump_distance = (self.chunk.len() - start_length) as u8;
self.emit_instruction(Instruction::jump(jump_distance, true), operator_position);
self.parse_sub_expression(&rule.precedence)?;
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
}
fn parse_variable(&mut self, allowed: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let start_position = self.current_position;
let identifier = if let Token::Identifier(text) = self.current_token {
self.advance()?;
text
} else {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind::Identifier,
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position: start_position,
});
};
let local_index = if let Ok(local_index) = self.get_local_index(identifier) {
local_index
} else if let Some(native_function) = NativeFunction::from_str(identifier) {
return self.parse_native_call(native_function);
} else if Some(identifier) == self.chunk.name().map(|string| string.as_str()) {
let register = self.next_register();
let scope = self.chunk.current_scope();
self.emit_instruction(Instruction::load_self(register), start_position);
self.declare_local(identifier, None, false, scope, register);
self.previous_is_expression = true;
return Ok(());
} else {
return Err(ParseError::UndeclaredVariable {
identifier: identifier.to_string(),
position: start_position,
});
};
let (is_mutable, local_scope) = {
let local = self.get_local(local_index)?;
(local.is_mutable, local.scope)
};
let current_scope = self.chunk.current_scope();
if !current_scope.contains(&local_scope) {
return Err(ParseError::VariableOutOfScope {
identifier: self.chunk.get_identifier(local_index).unwrap(),
position: start_position,
variable_scope: local_scope,
access_scope: current_scope,
});
}
if self.allow(Token::Equal)? {
if !allowed.assignment {
return Err(ParseError::InvalidAssignmentTarget {
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position: self.current_position,
});
}
if !is_mutable {
return Err(ParseError::CannotMutateImmutableVariable {
identifier: self.chunk.get_identifier(local_index).unwrap(),
position: start_position,
});
}
self.parse_expression()?;
let (mut previous_instruction, previous_position) =
self.chunk.instructions_mut().pop().ok_or_else(|| {
ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: self.previous_position,
}
})?;
if previous_instruction.operation().is_math() {
let register_index = self.get_local(local_index)?.register_index;
log::trace!("Condensing SET_LOCAL to binary math expression");
previous_instruction.set_a(register_index);
self.emit_instruction(previous_instruction, self.current_position);
return Ok(());
}
let register = self.next_register();
self.emit_instruction(previous_instruction, previous_position);
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::set_local(register, local_index),
start_position,
);
self.previous_is_expression = false;
} else {
let register = self.next_register();
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::get_local(register, local_index),
self.previous_position,
);
self.previous_is_expression = true;
}
Ok(())
}
fn parse_type_from(&mut self, token: Token, position: Span) -> Result<Type, ParseError> {
match token {
Token::Bool => Ok(Type::Boolean),
Token::FloatKeyword => Ok(Type::Float),
Token::Int => Ok(Type::Integer),
Token::Str => Ok(Type::String { length: None }),
_ => Err(ParseError::ExpectedTokenMultiple {
expected: &[
TokenKind::Bool,
TokenKind::FloatKeyword,
TokenKind::Int,
TokenKind::Str,
],
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position,
}),
}
}
fn parse_block(&mut self, allowed: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
self.advance()?;
self.chunk.begin_scope();
while !self.allow(Token::RightCurlyBrace)? && !self.is_eof() {
self.parse(Precedence::None, allowed)?;
}
self.chunk.end_scope();
Ok(())
}
fn parse_list(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let start = self.current_position.0;
self.advance()?;
let start_register = self.next_register();
while !self.allow(Token::RightSquareBrace)? && !self.is_eof() {
let expected_register = self.next_register();
self.parse_expression()?;
let actual_register = self.next_register() - 1;
if expected_register < actual_register {
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::close(expected_register, actual_register),
self.current_position,
);
}
self.allow(Token::Comma)?;
}
let to_register = self.next_register();
let end = self.current_position.1;
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::load_list(to_register, start_register),
Span(start, end),
);
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
}
fn parse_if(&mut self, allowed: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
self.advance()?;
self.parse_expression()?;
if matches!(
self.get_last_instructions(),
Some([
Operation::LoadBoolean,
Operation::LoadBoolean,
Operation::Jump,
Operation::Equal | Operation::Less | Operation::LessEqual
],)
) {
self.chunk.instructions_mut().pop();
self.chunk.instructions_mut().pop();
}
let block_allowed = Allowed {
assignment: allowed.assignment,
explicit_return: allowed.explicit_return,
};
if let Token::LeftCurlyBrace = self.current_token {
let block_start = self.chunk.len();
self.parse_block(block_allowed)?;
let block_end = self.chunk.len();
let jump_distance = (block_end - block_start) as u8;
if let Some(jump) = self.get_last_jump_mut() {
jump.set_b(jump_distance);
}
} else {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind::LeftCurlyBrace,
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position: self.current_position,
});
}
let if_block_is_expression = self
.chunk
.instructions()
.iter()
.rev()
.find_map(|(instruction, _)| {
if !matches!(instruction.operation(), Operation::Jump | Operation::Move) {
Some(instruction.yields_value())
} else {
None
}
})
.unwrap_or(false);
if let Token::Else = self.current_token {
let else_start = self.chunk.len();
let if_last_register = self.next_register().saturating_sub(1);
self.parse_else(allowed, block_allowed)?;
if self.chunk.len() >= 4 {
let possible_comparison_statement = {
let start = self.chunk.len() - 4;
&mut self.chunk.instructions_mut()[start..]
};
optimize(possible_comparison_statement);
}
let else_last_register = self.next_register().saturating_sub(1);
let else_end = self.chunk.len();
let jump_distance = (else_end - else_start) as u8;
if if_last_register < else_last_register {
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::r#move(else_last_register, if_last_register),
self.current_position,
);
}
self.previous_is_expression = if_block_is_expression && self.previous_is_expression;
if jump_distance == 1 {
if let Some(skippable) = self.get_last_jumpable_mut() {
skippable.set_c_to_boolean(true);
} else {
self.chunk.instructions_mut().insert(
else_start,
(
Instruction::jump(jump_distance, true),
self.current_position,
),
);
}
} else {
self.chunk.instructions_mut().insert(
else_start,
(
Instruction::jump(jump_distance, true),
self.current_position,
),
);
}
} else {
self.previous_is_expression = false;
}
Ok(())
}
fn parse_else(&mut self, allowed: Allowed, block_allowed: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
self.advance()?;
let if_block_end = self.chunk.len();
if let Token::If = self.current_token {
self.parse_if(allowed)?;
} else if let Token::LeftCurlyBrace = self.current_token {
self.parse_block(block_allowed)?;
let else_end = self.chunk.len();
if else_end - if_block_end > 1 {
let jump_distance = (else_end - if_block_end) as u8;
self.chunk.instructions_mut().insert(
if_block_end,
(
Instruction::jump(jump_distance, true),
self.current_position,
),
);
}
} else {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedTokenMultiple {
expected: &[TokenKind::If, TokenKind::LeftCurlyBrace],
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position: self.current_position,
});
}
Ok(())
}
fn parse_while(&mut self, allowed: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
self.advance()?;
let expression_start = self.chunk.len() as u8;
self.parse_expression()?;
if matches!(
self.get_last_instructions(),
Some([
Operation::LoadBoolean,
Operation::LoadBoolean,
Operation::Jump,
Operation::Equal | Operation::Less | Operation::LessEqual
],)
) {
self.chunk.instructions_mut().pop();
self.chunk.instructions_mut().pop();
self.chunk.instructions_mut().pop();
}
let block_start = self.chunk.len();
self.parse_block(Allowed {
assignment: true,
explicit_return: allowed.explicit_return,
})?;
let block_end = self.chunk.len() as u8;
self.chunk.instructions_mut().insert(
block_start,
(
Instruction::jump(block_end - block_start as u8 + 1, true),
self.current_position,
),
);
let jump_back_distance = block_end - expression_start + 1;
let jump_back = Instruction::jump(jump_back_distance, false);
self.emit_instruction(jump_back, self.current_position);
self.previous_is_expression = false;
Ok(())
}
fn parse_native_call(&mut self, function: NativeFunction) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let start = self.previous_position.0;
let start_register = self.next_register();
self.expect(Token::LeftParenthesis)?;
while !self.allow(Token::RightParenthesis)? {
let expected_register = self.next_register();
self.parse_expression()?;
let actual_register = self.next_register() - 1;
if expected_register < actual_register {
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::close(expected_register, actual_register),
self.current_position,
);
}
self.allow(Token::Comma)?;
}
let end = self.previous_position.1;
let to_register = self.next_register();
let argument_count = to_register - start_register;
self.previous_is_expression = function.r#type().return_type.is_some();
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::call_native(to_register, function, argument_count),
Span(start, end),
);
Ok(())
}
fn parse_top_level(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
loop {
self.parse(
Precedence::None,
Allowed {
assignment: true,
explicit_return: false,
},
)?;
if self.is_eof() || self.allow(Token::RightCurlyBrace)? {
self.parse_implicit_return()?;
break;
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn parse_expression(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
self.parse(
Precedence::None,
Allowed {
assignment: false,
explicit_return: false,
},
)?;
if !self.previous_is_expression || self.chunk.is_empty() {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: self.current_position,
});
}
Ok(())
}
fn parse_sub_expression(&mut self, precedence: &Precedence) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
self.parse(
precedence.increment(),
Allowed {
assignment: false,
explicit_return: false,
},
)
}
fn parse_return(&mut self, allowed: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
if !allowed.explicit_return {
return Err(ParseError::UnexpectedReturn {
position: self.current_position,
});
}
let start = self.current_position.0;
self.advance()?;
let has_return_value = if matches!(
self.current_token,
Token::Semicolon | Token::RightCurlyBrace
) {
false
} else {
self.parse_expression()?;
true
};
let end = self.current_position.1;
self.emit_instruction(Instruction::r#return(has_return_value), Span(start, end));
self.previous_is_expression = false;
Ok(())
}
fn parse_implicit_return(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let has_semicolon = self.allow(Token::Semicolon)?;
if has_semicolon {
self.emit_instruction(Instruction::r#return(false), self.current_position);
} else {
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::r#return(self.previous_is_expression),
self.current_position,
);
}
Ok(())
}
fn parse_let_statement(&mut self, allowed: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
if !allowed.assignment {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position: self.current_position,
});
}
self.advance()?;
let scope = self.chunk.current_scope();
let is_mutable = self.allow(Token::Mut)?;
let position = self.current_position;
let identifier = if let Token::Identifier(text) = self.current_token {
self.advance()?;
text
} else {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind::Identifier,
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position,
});
};
let r#type = if self.allow(Token::Colon)? {
let r#type = self.parse_type_from(self.current_token, self.current_position)?;
self.advance()?;
Some(r#type)
} else {
None
};
let register = self.next_register();
self.expect(Token::Equal)?;
self.parse_expression()?;
let (local_index, _) = self.declare_local(identifier, r#type, is_mutable, scope, register);
let register = self.next_register().saturating_sub(1);
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::define_local(register, local_index, is_mutable),
position,
);
self.previous_is_expression = false;
Ok(())
}
fn parse_function(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let function_start = self.current_position.0;
let mut function_parser = Parser::new(self.lexer)?;
let identifier = if let Token::Identifier(text) = function_parser.current_token {
let position = function_parser.current_position;
function_parser.advance()?;
function_parser.chunk.set_name(text.to_string());
Some((text, position))
} else {
None
};
function_parser.expect(Token::LeftParenthesis)?;
let mut value_parameters: Option<Vec<(u8, Type)>> = None;
while function_parser.current_token != Token::RightParenthesis {
let is_mutable = function_parser.allow(Token::Mut)?;
let parameter = if let Token::Identifier(text) = function_parser.current_token {
function_parser.advance()?;
text
} else {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind::Identifier,
found: function_parser.current_token.to_owned(),
position: function_parser.current_position,
});
};
function_parser.expect(Token::Colon)?;
let r#type = function_parser.parse_type_from(
function_parser.current_token,
function_parser.current_position,
)?;
function_parser.advance()?;
let register = value_parameters
.as_ref()
.map(|values| values.len() as u8)
.unwrap_or(0);
let scope = function_parser.chunk.current_scope();
let (_, identifier_index) = function_parser.declare_local(
parameter,
Some(r#type.clone()),
is_mutable,
scope,
register,
);
if let Some(value_parameters) = value_parameters.as_mut() {
value_parameters.push((identifier_index, r#type));
} else {
value_parameters = Some(vec![(identifier_index, r#type)]);
};
function_parser.minimum_register += 1;
function_parser.allow(Token::Comma)?;
}
function_parser.advance()?;
let return_type = if function_parser.allow(Token::ArrowThin)? {
let r#type = function_parser.parse_type_from(
function_parser.current_token,
function_parser.current_position,
)?;
function_parser.advance()?;
Some(Box::new(r#type))
} else {
None
};
function_parser.expect(Token::LeftCurlyBrace)?;
function_parser.parse_top_level()?;
self.previous_token = function_parser.previous_token;
self.previous_position = function_parser.previous_position;
self.current_token = function_parser.current_token;
self.current_position = function_parser.current_position;
let function_type = FunctionType {
type_parameters: None,
value_parameters,
return_type,
};
let function = Value::function(function_parser.finish(), function_type.clone());
let function_end = self.current_position.1;
self.lexer.skip_to(function_end);
if let Some((identifier, identifier_position)) = identifier {
let register = self.next_register();
let scope = self.chunk.current_scope();
let (local_index, _) = self.declare_local(
identifier,
Some(Type::Function(function_type)),
false,
scope,
register,
);
self.emit_constant(function, Span(function_start, function_end))?;
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::define_local(register, local_index, false),
identifier_position,
);
self.previous_is_expression = false;
} else {
self.emit_constant(function, Span(function_start, function_end))?;
self.previous_is_expression = true;
}
Ok(())
}
fn parse_call(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let (last_instruction, _) =
self.chunk
.instructions()
.last()
.ok_or_else(|| ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: self.previous_position,
})?;
if !last_instruction.yields_value() {
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.previous_token.to_owned(),
position: self.previous_position,
});
}
let function_register = last_instruction.a();
let start = self.current_position.0;
self.advance()?;
while !self.allow(Token::RightParenthesis)? {
let expected_register = self.next_register();
self.parse_expression()?;
let actual_register = self.next_register() - 1;
if expected_register < actual_register {
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::close(expected_register, actual_register),
self.current_position,
);
}
self.allow(Token::Comma)?;
}
let end = self.current_position.1;
let to_register = self.next_register();
let argument_count = to_register - function_register - 1;
self.emit_instruction(
Instruction::call(to_register, function_register, argument_count),
Span(start, end),
);
self.previous_is_expression = true;
Ok(())
}
fn parse_semicolon(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
self.advance()?;
self.previous_is_expression = false;
Ok(())
}
fn expect_expression(&mut self, _: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
Err(ParseError::ExpectedExpression {
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position: self.current_position,
})
}
fn parse(&mut self, precedence: Precedence, allowed: Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
if let Some(prefix_parser) = ParseRule::from(&self.current_token).prefix {
log::debug!(
"{} is prefix with precedence {precedence}",
self.current_token.to_string().bold(),
);
prefix_parser(self, allowed)?;
}
let mut infix_rule = ParseRule::from(&self.current_token);
while precedence <= infix_rule.precedence {
if let Some(infix_parser) = infix_rule.infix {
log::debug!(
"{} is infix with precedence {precedence}",
self.current_token.to_string().bold(),
);
if !allowed.assignment && self.current_token == Token::Equal {
return Err(ParseError::InvalidAssignmentTarget {
found: self.current_token.to_owned(),
position: self.current_position,
});
}
infix_parser(self)?;
} else {
break;
}
infix_rule = ParseRule::from(&self.current_token);
}
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub enum Precedence {
None,
Assignment,
Conditional,
LogicalOr,
LogicalAnd,
Equality,
Comparison,
Term,
Factor,
Unary,
Call,
Primary,
}
impl Precedence {
fn increment(&self) -> Self {
match self {
Precedence::None => Precedence::Assignment,
Precedence::Assignment => Precedence::Conditional,
Precedence::Conditional => Precedence::LogicalOr,
Precedence::LogicalOr => Precedence::LogicalAnd,
Precedence::LogicalAnd => Precedence::Equality,
Precedence::Equality => Precedence::Comparison,
Precedence::Comparison => Precedence::Term,
Precedence::Term => Precedence::Factor,
Precedence::Factor => Precedence::Unary,
Precedence::Unary => Precedence::Call,
Precedence::Call => Precedence::Primary,
Precedence::Primary => Precedence::Primary,
}
}
}
impl Display for Precedence {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{:?}", self)
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
struct Allowed {
pub assignment: bool,
pub explicit_return: bool,
}
type PrefixFunction<'a> = fn(&mut Parser<'a>, Allowed) -> Result<(), ParseError>;
type InfixFunction<'a> = fn(&mut Parser<'a>) -> Result<(), ParseError>;
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
struct ParseRule<'a> {
pub prefix: Option<PrefixFunction<'a>>,
pub infix: Option<InfixFunction<'a>>,
pub precedence: Precedence,
}
impl From<&Token<'_>> for ParseRule<'_> {
fn from(token: &Token) -> Self {
match token {
Token::ArrowThin => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::expect_expression),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Async => todo!(),
Token::Bang => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_unary),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::Unary,
},
Token::BangEqual => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_comparison_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Equality,
},
Token::Bool => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::expect_expression),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Boolean(_) => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_boolean),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Break => todo!(),
Token::Byte(_) => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_byte),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Character(_) => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_character),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Colon => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::expect_expression),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Comma => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Dot => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::expect_expression),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::DoubleAmpersand => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_logical_binary),
precedence: Precedence::LogicalAnd,
},
Token::DoubleEqual => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_comparison_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Equality,
},
Token::DoublePipe => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_logical_binary),
precedence: Precedence::LogicalOr,
},
Token::DoubleDot => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::expect_expression),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Eof => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Equal => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::Assignment,
},
Token::Else => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Float(_) => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_float),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::FloatKeyword => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::expect_expression),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Fn => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_function),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Greater => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_comparison_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Comparison,
},
Token::GreaterEqual => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_comparison_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Comparison,
},
Token::Identifier(_) => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_variable),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::If => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_if),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Int => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::expect_expression),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Integer(_) => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_integer),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::LeftCurlyBrace => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_block),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::LeftParenthesis => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_grouped),
infix: Some(Parser::parse_call),
precedence: Precedence::Call,
},
Token::LeftSquareBrace => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_list),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Less => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_comparison_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Comparison,
},
Token::LessEqual => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_comparison_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Comparison,
},
Token::Let => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_let_statement),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::Assignment,
},
Token::Loop => todo!(),
Token::Map => todo!(),
Token::Minus => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_unary),
infix: Some(Parser::parse_math_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Term,
},
Token::MinusEqual => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_math_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Assignment,
},
Token::Mut => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Percent => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_math_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Factor,
},
Token::PercentEqual => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_math_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Assignment,
},
Token::Plus => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_math_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Term,
},
Token::PlusEqual => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_math_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Assignment,
},
Token::Return => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_return),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::RightCurlyBrace => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::RightParenthesis => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::RightSquareBrace => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Semicolon => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_semicolon),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Slash => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_math_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Factor,
},
Token::SlashEqual => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_math_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Assignment,
},
Token::Star => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_math_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Factor,
},
Token::StarEqual => ParseRule {
prefix: None,
infix: Some(Parser::parse_math_binary),
precedence: Precedence::Assignment,
},
Token::Str => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::expect_expression),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::String(_) => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_string),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
Token::Struct => todo!(),
Token::While => ParseRule {
prefix: Some(Parser::parse_while),
infix: None,
precedence: Precedence::None,
},
}
}
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum ParseError {
// Token errors
ExpectedToken {
expected: TokenKind,
found: TokenOwned,
position: Span,
},
ExpectedTokenMultiple {
expected: &'static [TokenKind],
found: TokenOwned,
position: Span,
},
// Expression errors
CannotChainComparison {
position: Span,
},
ExpectedExpression {
found: TokenOwned,
position: Span,
},
// Variable errors
CannotMutateImmutableVariable {
identifier: String,
position: Span,
},
ExpectedMutableVariable {
found: TokenOwned,
position: Span,
},
UndeclaredVariable {
identifier: String,
position: Span,
},
VariableOutOfScope {
identifier: String,
variable_scope: Scope,
access_scope: Scope,
position: Span,
},
// Statement errors
InvalidAssignmentTarget {
found: TokenOwned,
position: Span,
},
UnexpectedReturn {
position: Span,
},
// Wrappers around foreign errors
Chunk {
error: ChunkError,
position: Span,
},
Lex(LexError),
ParseFloatError {
error: ParseFloatError,
position: Span,
},
ParseIntError {
error: ParseIntError,
position: Span,
},
}
impl AnnotatedError for ParseError {
fn title() -> &'static str {
"Parse Error"
}
fn description(&self) -> &'static str {
match self {
Self::CannotChainComparison { .. } => "Cannot chain comparison",
Self::CannotMutateImmutableVariable { .. } => "Cannot mutate immutable variable",
Self::Chunk { .. } => "Chunk error",
Self::ExpectedExpression { .. } => "Expected an expression",
Self::ExpectedMutableVariable { .. } => "Expected a mutable variable",
Self::ExpectedToken { .. } => "Expected a specific token",
Self::ExpectedTokenMultiple { .. } => "Expected one of multiple tokens",
Self::InvalidAssignmentTarget { .. } => "Invalid assignment target",
Self::Lex(error) => error.description(),
Self::ParseFloatError { .. } => "Failed to parse float",
Self::ParseIntError { .. } => "Failed to parse integer",
Self::UndeclaredVariable { .. } => "Undeclared variable",
Self::UnexpectedReturn { .. } => "Unexpected return",
Self::VariableOutOfScope { .. } => "Variable out of scope",
}
}
fn details(&self) -> Option<String> {
match self {
Self::CannotChainComparison { .. } => {
Some("Cannot chain comparison operations".to_string())
}
Self::CannotMutateImmutableVariable { identifier, .. } => {
Some(format!("Cannot mutate immutable variable {identifier}"))
}
Self::Chunk { error, .. } => Some(error.to_string()),
Self::ExpectedExpression { found, .. } => Some(format!("Found {found}")),
Self::ExpectedToken {
expected, found, ..
} => Some(format!("Expected {expected} but found {found}")),
Self::ExpectedTokenMultiple {
expected, found, ..
} => {
let mut details = String::from("Expected");
for (index, token) in expected.iter().enumerate() {
details.push_str(&format!(" {token}"));
if index < expected.len() - 2 {
details.push_str(", ");
}
if index == expected.len() - 2 {
details.push_str(" or");
}
}
details.push_str(&format!(" but found {found}"));
Some(details)
}
Self::ExpectedMutableVariable { found, .. } => {
Some(format!("Expected mutable variable, found {found}"))
}
Self::InvalidAssignmentTarget { found, .. } => {
Some(format!("Invalid assignment target, found {found}"))
}
Self::Lex(error) => error.details(),
Self::ParseFloatError { error, .. } => Some(error.to_string()),
Self::ParseIntError { error, .. } => Some(error.to_string()),
Self::UndeclaredVariable { identifier, .. } => {
Some(format!("Undeclared variable {identifier}"))
}
Self::UnexpectedReturn { .. } => None,
Self::VariableOutOfScope { identifier, .. } => {
Some(format!("Variable {identifier} is out of scope"))
}
}
}
fn position(&self) -> Span {
match self {
Self::CannotChainComparison { position } => *position,
Self::CannotMutateImmutableVariable { position, .. } => *position,
Self::Chunk { position, .. } => *position,
Self::ExpectedExpression { position, .. } => *position,
Self::ExpectedMutableVariable { position, .. } => *position,
Self::ExpectedToken { position, .. } => *position,
Self::ExpectedTokenMultiple { position, .. } => *position,
Self::InvalidAssignmentTarget { position, .. } => *position,
Self::Lex(error) => error.position(),
Self::ParseFloatError { position, .. } => *position,
Self::ParseIntError { position, .. } => *position,
Self::UndeclaredVariable { position, .. } => *position,
Self::UnexpectedReturn { position } => *position,
Self::VariableOutOfScope { position, .. } => *position,
}
}
}
impl From<LexError> for ParseError {
fn from(error: LexError) -> Self {
Self::Lex(error)
}
}